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LUX GENTIS 
NIGRAE. 



DEDICATION : 

To Bishop H. m. Turnkr, D. D., L. L. D., and others 

who in the main forsee only darkness, 

degradation and death, 

for the race in 

America. 



INTRODUCTION- 
BOOKER T. Washington 



PHILADELPHIA 
A. M. E. BOOK CONCERN 

^\j j 631 PINE STREET 



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CONTENTS. 

i Race Infancy and What Implied 7 

2 Opposed but not Friendless 9 

3 Negro Suffrage Justified 11 

4 Problem more National than Racial 13 

5 Nation's Proper Theory and Mission 14 

6 Why the Race Here 18 

7 Problem Grasped only by a Few 2 1 

8 Scope of Faith Under Ordeals 23 

9 Suggestions of History 25 
10 Reassuring Reflections 27 
n Bareless Charges Answered 28 
12 Truth and Time Effectual Healers 29 



INTRODUCTION. 

The Bright Side of the Race Picture! A 
fitting subject, it seems to me, for this splen- 
did little volume Dr. Johnson has so admira- 
bly written. I beleive in optimism. During 
the many long years in which the Negro has 
been subject to oppression and injustice of 
one kind and another, the one thing that has 
helped him most in his struggle for a higher, 
nobler and better manhood, has been the 
hopeful, optimistic spirit with which he has 
borne his troubles. Adversities many and 
painful has he suffered in his onward struggle, 
and by it all, he has been more helped than 
the unthinking would suppose. During it all 
the Negro has been hopeful; has looked ahead 
for the brighter day. 

To me the future seems full of hope and 
promise for the race. True it is that many 
trials and discouragements lie ahead, but we 
are making indisputable, tangible progress — 
progress that means success. Coming out of 
serfdom penniless, uneducated and with no 
property, the Negro has made more rapid 
strides toward the higher civilization than has 
been true of any other race under similar cir- 
cumstances and conditions. He is acquiring 
property, he is becoming educated in a way 



that makes him a useful law-abiding citizen — 
attainments and tendencies that make his fu- 
ture hopeful in the extreme. 

Happy is Dr. Johnson in giving this refresh- 
ing little volume, every page of which is red- 
olent with words of encouragement and hope, 
to the public at this time, when the Race 
Question is demanding the thought and atten- 
tion of thinking, earnest people in all walks of 
life. These discussions at times cause many 
to look to the future with despair, for too often 
the tendency is to judge the race by its worst 
element, by its shiftless class. And so it is 
that The Bright Side of the Race Picture, 
dealing with the promising phase of the ques- 
tion, as it does, has an especial mission to 
perform, and if, by its encouragement and 
hope, it contributes toward the end of making 
the race stand on its own feet and develope 
its own resources, if it throws light upon the 
solution of an all-important problem, its mis- 
sion will be performed. 

Booker T. Washington. 
Tuskegee, Alabama. 

Oct. 7th, 1903. 



LUX GENTIS NIGRAE 



RACE INFANCY AND WHAT IMPLIED. 

Every man is the architect of his own 
fortune. This truism applies with equal 
force to peoples of the same race-type no 
less than to individuals. No greater harm 
can be done the youth who has not tried 
his own powers than to furnish him help 
he does not need or pamper his hopes with 
props that can yield no support in the try- 
ing- days. Sympathy and instruction 
should not be withheld, but help should 
be withheld to the same wise extent it is 
withdrawn from the child who may get 
along without it. Aside from picking up 
the little one at intervals and setting it to 
rights again, the sensible mother spends 
no idle time lamenting over the misfor- 
tune of the child's falls and cries or in 
bottling up its tears. Full well she knows 



8 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

that the ups and downs of childhood are 
necessary stages to sure-footed manhood. 
Its ills may be somewhat humored with 
outlays of sweetmeats and caresses at 
times, but its falls and heartbreaking out- 
cries are looked upon as lung-tests and 
chest-protectors or aids to its bodily 
growth and vigor. From the child's 
standpoint, the estimate of these cross- 
grained experiences is quite different as 
a matter of course. But what it takes as 
serious outside of cramps, colics and such 
like ills, is disposed of as already sug- 
gested. Little ones who are nursed as 
hot-house plants rarely amount to much, 
while those who make the port of credit 
are usually the ones whom the combined 
forces of adversity stormed against in 
vain. Frederic Douglass in childhood 
bereft of a name and shorne of a mother's 
care, with Booker T. Washington, both 
tried metal bearing the stamp of the same 
mine and mint, are striking examples of 
what their people must pass through in 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 9 

their infancy ere the snn shall crown their 
later life and service. Not to man- 
hood nor success nor greatness is there 
any royal road. The shining- outstretched 
prize is visible only to the eye of faith, it 
is open only to the heart of courage, and 
can be plucked only by the aspiring, all- 
endeavoring hand linked to and led by the 
Hand unseen. 

OPPOSED BUT NOT FRIENDLESS. 

The complaint is often heard that the 
Negro's friends are not as numerous as 
formerly and that those disposed to help 
him are becoming few and far between. 
The murmur, though by no means 
groundless, is not an impeachment of our 
former friends, nor in the least indicative 
that those interested in our welfare are 
growing less numerous. True it is that 
outward signs of sympathy are not favor- 
able to the race as in times past. Time 
there was when the hand of philanthrophy 
was outstretched and the voice of friend- 
ship cheered the new-born race from 



io Lux Gentis Nigrae 

every direction. Christianity plead its 
Macedonian cry and missionaries flocked 
from their northern homes to cheer and 
uplift the struggling millions in their 
southern quarters. Christianity bore to 
these needy millions the word of God and 
tender instructors to expound the same. 
It built churches and schools and fur- 
nished books to the illiterate and teachers 
without cost. This it did in the face of 
ridicule and scorn from boastful superiors, 
and without a sense of condescension 
toward those it would upraise. 

In this noble service of redeeming a 
people long neglected and wronged, 
Christianity found a noble ally in philan- 
thropy and benevolence of the purest 
type. Was the Negro's citizenship after 
his enfranchisement imperilled? The 
truest statesmanship of the day stood 
ready with armoured shield and sharp- 
ened lance to rush to his defense. On 
the shining arena of knight errantry in the 
halls of Congress in his behalf were such 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 1 1 

heroes as Charles Sumner, Thaddeus 
Stevens, General Butler, Roscoe Conkling 
and others whose names will flourish in 
undying- glory. They and men of kind- 
red spirit and statesmanship made it pos- 
sible for black men to wield the ballot 
weapon in their own defense. Their in- 
tercession and support gave the right of 
way to every office seat from local Cor- 
oner to Congressional honors. The 
broad-guaged statesmanship of the times 
welcomed colored men into the highest 
political councils of the state and nation. 
It greeted the advent of ex-slaves into the 
Senate chamber and accorded the Speak- 
er's gavel to B. K. Bruce, who 
shed greater lustre on his country 
than his predecessor, the far-famed Jeff. 
Davis, the Confederate chieftain, who re- 
signed its honors and sought its cleavage, 
or his present day successor, Senator 
Money. 

XEGRO SUFFRAGE JUSTIFIED. 

Those who raise the foolish outcry 



i2 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

against the black man's use of the ballot 
too soon forget the splendid service to 
which he put this weapon when first he 
plied it. But for his patriotism at the 
ballot-box as on the battle-field the dis- 
membered nation and seceeded States 
never would have been restored. No bet- 
ter use could he make of the ballot than 
with it demonstrate his knowledge of and 
love for what was best for his country's 
welfare. His loyal ballot not only brought 
back into the Union the disloyal States, 
but laid the foundation for a bulwark and 
temple that would tower and shine to the 
credit and safety of generations untold. 
The public school system of the South- 
land to-day, whatever its shortcomings 
with regard to the quality or quantity of 
the mental ration it doles the children of 
color throughout that section, was voted 
into life by the ancestors of these chil- 
dren. It was in their power to 
abuse or tamper with this prerogative 
by legislating mixed schools for the races, 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 13 

as in the North, but this was not done. 
The failure to do so is but another link 
in the chain of evidence as to the con- 
sideration of the race for its haughty, 
domineering neighbor, even when power- 
less to help itself. 

THE PROBLEM MORE NATIONAL THAN 
RACIAL. 

Ail countries have problems which rack 
the brains of their wisest statesmen and 
ablest philosophers. The history of mon- 
archies and republics alike have ever 
offered such problems to mankind and 
will continue so to do until the light of 
the millenium gilds and girdles our error- 
smitten and sin-burdened earth. As na- 
tions like individuals have missions and 
a destiny to fulfill, it is possible to obscure 
but not ignore the divine or ethical ele- 
ment which demands more than their ac- 
tivities. No man can repudiate the 
claims of the moral code in his career 
with impunity, and history with phil- 
osophy establishes the same truth in con- 



14 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

nection with governments. Whether 
their operations be on the lowest plane of 
despotism or in a limited monarchy or 
in the sphere of democracy where the con- 
sent of the governed is actually or theoret- 
ically sought as in our own land, certain 
standards and regulations are acknowl- 
edged and applied in all administrations 
of justice or manipulation of the machin- 
ery of law and exercise of national policy. 
As to whether a nation survive a thous- 
and years or a decade depends largely 
upon the display of wisdom on the part 
of its founders in the adoption of certain 
fundamental standards in its constitution, 
wise or otherwise, and the consideration 
with which their successors regard the 
trust. 

nation's correct theory and .mission. 
The skeleton fingers of overthrown 
governments lift their ghastly warning 
against the danger of divorcing the Al- 
mighty from a nation's organic life or 
activities. Happily for the nation and 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 15 

government of ours, their framers were 
true to the teachings of the past and 
responsive to the impulse of the truest 
philosophy and the best religion. The 
highest wisdom was displayed when the 
Bible was adopted as the chart of the 
ship of state for the newly united colonies 
and belief in the God of the Universe pro- 
fessed as the compass and sheet- 
anchor of the infant nation's welfare. 
Than our Declaration of Independence 
no nobler instrument, barring the Deca- 
logue, was ever drawn. Its inimitable 
preamble in world-embracing scope aptly 
answers to Paul's proclamation in evi- 
dence of the common origin and oneness 
of the human species. This prime plank 
in the nation's platform affords a terra 
firtna footing on which every comer to 
our shores may securely trust his weight, 
the enemy to American laws and institu- 
tions alone excepted. While the red- 
handed anarchist is excluded from the 
hand of American fellowship by character 



1 6 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

and creed, the same exclusion is also held 
for the sable citizen by partisan skeptics 
and sectional colorphobists whose title 
to full-fledged citizenship has never been 
half as clearly established as that of his 
disputed Brother in Black. The denial of 
application of the phrase "all men are 
created free and equal" to the colored 
man had its answer in the philosophy of 
the situation as it obtained when the Con- 
stitution was promulgated as well as in 
the logic of succeeding events. The divin- 
ity of bondage and racial inferiority were 
dangerous dogmas to be held by a peo- 
ple struggling for release from foreign 
oppression and its assumption of royal 
sovereignty. The effort to enjoy the sub- 
stance of freedom for themselves and tor- 
ment others with the notes and sound of 
liberty after the Old Bell had "proclaimed 
liberty throughout the land to all the in- 
habitants thereof" was like "running with 

the hare and holding with the hounds" 
on the part of the American people and 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 17 

it was inevitable that they soon tire of 
the chase. The logic of events fulfilled 
the philosophic statement of Mr. Lincoln 
that a nation can not exist part slave and 
part free, while k also suggests the truth 
of the couplet — 

"All men are equal in God's sight. 

There is no black, there is no white." 
In favor of the certain recognition of 
the colored man's rights in common with 
those of other citizens are the nation's 
cosmopolitan dogma of universal equality 
and the slow and gradual dissipation of 
the clouds which have stubbornly en- 
veloped this question. But had the na- 
tion adopted no world-embracing creed, 
or had its congenial shores offered no 
inviting asylum for the refuge-seeking 
pilgrims of other lands, the divine ele- 
ment in the problem would yet have re- 
mained to be reckoned with. While among 
the early settlers were those in quest of 
religious liberty there were those also 
who sought the glory and spoils of states- 



1 8 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

craft or who looked for the main chance 
in slave traffic or in commercial adven- 
ture. Whoever they were and from what- 
ever clime, these emigrants came no hide- 
bound iron-clad enactment decreed their 
fate in the new western land of promise. 

WHY THE RACE HERE. 

All but one of the various branches of 
the human family represented in the event- 
ful hegira to the American paradise came 
by invitation or journeyed hither of their 
own accord. Far different was it the case 
with the child of bondage and adversity 
of sable hue ordained to cut such an 
important figure in the life and destiny 
strange and forbidding environments. 
Abraham was called of the Almighty to 
of the virgin nation. Others have been 
called of Heaven to try their fortunes amid 
divorce himself from the ties of country 
and kinship. While not knowing whither 
he was to go, the hardship of emigration 
was greatly neutralized by the certainty 

of the call of Heaven on the one hand and 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 19 

the promise of an overwhelming- reward 
on the other. Only the dark and penal 
side of the picture seemed visible in 
the black man's divorcement from his na- 
tive land. A providence there was in the 
cruel fate which tore him from tribe and 
parental ties in Africa for the slave traffic 
as it did his offsprings through centuries 
of slavery in America, but this provi- 
dence seemed at the time by far more per- 
missive than directive. In proof of the 
latter claim arguments were specious 
and ample on the part of those who saw 
only the humane side of the traffic in 
human flesh and who held that the sys- 
tem was anything but the "sum of vil- 
lainy," as Mr. Wesley, the founder of 
Methodism, charged. The silver lining 
to the cloud drapery above his head, if 
any there was, was left rather for his 
distant descendant with the radiant torch 
of history and faith to descern rather than 
for himself with an environment, heredity 
and adversity fettering his vision with 
three-fold blindness, to discover. 



20 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

The sale of Joseph by his brothers into 
slavery furnishes a more striking- coun- 
terpart of the Negro's case than any in- 
stance covered by ancient or modern his- 
tory. Think of the tender son of Jacob 
kidnapped by his brothers, thrust into a 
pit and left for dead ; then recall the tragic 
story of the motley-colored coat soaked 
in gore lending strength to the gruesome 
tale of its wearer's doom from ravenous 
beasts ; let the plot thicken as the child 
of destiny is lifted from the pit and bar- 
tered to a band of traders, who dispose 
of their tender prize to an Egyptian 
buyer, and the story can but suggest a pre- 
face and prophecy to the history of Ham's 
descendents in America. The sequel of 
the Negro's history has not yet been writ- 
ten, but the story of Jacob's son in Egypt 
more than likely has its opening key of 
analogy. In the land to which Joseph 
was sold a '/.ranger he wrought out a 
royal career step by step. The pathway 
of his upward journey lay through the 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 2l 

fires of adversity, but he came forth like 
purified gold bearing the assayer's stamp. 
It is useless to quarrel with Providence 
for allowing our forefathers to be torn 
from their native continent. The Al- 
mighty hand that rescued them and theirs 
from the horrible pit of slavery has an 
equally royal goal in reservation for us 
and ours if only we quit ourselves like 
men, enter in and occupy the alloted 
heritage. 

PROBLEM GRASPED ONLY BY THE FEW. 

Perhaps it is only with the more ser- 
ious and reflecting minds among our peo- 
ple that the race question takes on dark 
and difficult phases. It is not likely that 
the masses are much disturbed about the 
things that perplex the minds and depress 
the spirit of the more intelligent members 
of the race. To be sure, the rank and file 
of the masses cannot be indifferent to the 
wrongs and outrageous treatment they are 
called upon to endure day by day. Their 
sense of justice must naturally move them 



22 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

at least to silently and perhaps sullenly 
protest against the countless unkind and 
outlandish things they suffer. To assume 
that any one of the multitudinous number 
referred to in the South or elsewhere ac- 
cepts the grinding situation of servile sub- 
jection to the domineering race without 
'in inner resentment to say the least, is 
to assume such an individual to be de- 
void of the instinct common to the animal 
world. Not less sensible are the masses 
of the type in question to the monstrous 
wrongs they bear than were their pro- 
genitors insensible to the grievous out- 
rage of slavery. The latter was endured 
not so much because of the abject in- 
ability or indisposition of the victims to 
rid themselves of the oppressor's yoke, as 
because of their instinctive trust in the 
Providence that shapes all things right in 
the end and because of the exercise of 
that wisdom which cometh from above, 
which is peaceful and gentle and leads to 
hope always for the best. 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 23 

THE SCOPE OF FAITH UNDER ORDEALS. 

It is to this ever-active inner-working 
providence that the leaders and thought- 
ful clement of the race must now and 
henceforth look if we will escape the 
meshes of the wilderness and enter the 
promised land of Canaan. The murmur- 
ings of those who quarrel with Provi- 
dence for leading us into the desert out 
of Egypt must be stopped. The plenti- 
ful onions and leeks supplied by Pharaoh 
were good, also quite refreshing were the 
Egyptian streams which bubbled in 
copious fullness, but these provisions of 
their bondage state were as far- 
surpassed by the delectable diet of 
Heaven's orderings as a Delmonico bill- 
of-fare puts to blush the contents of an 
ordinary lunch counter. The hue and 
cry so often heard that it has never been 
so hopeless with the race as now and that 
our salvation as a people hinges more 
apon going to Africa than upon making 
the most of where we are and of the 



24 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

situations about us, is but a repetition of 
the rebellious behaviour of ungrateful 
Israel of old and must be cured if it takes 
biting serpents and fiery judgments to do 
so. There is no serious danger of the 
masses provoking the Almighty to anger 
from the sin of rebellion half so much as 
from the sin of forgetfulness and down- 
right spiritual blindness. It is they who 
should be eves to the sightless multitude 
who delay if not imperil their highest wel- 
fare at the hands of an unerring and 
ever-gracious Providence. 

Two more thoughts of vital bearing 
upon the subject and the conclusion of 
these pertinent reflections is reached. 
The pilgrimage traversed and obstacles 
by the wayside have been disposed of in 
a referential if not exhaustive way. It is 
good for the race to glance backwards 
and mark the milestones of its progress. 
It is also stimulating to its future strides 
to be able to review the difficulties al- 
ready dispersed. The race can do both of 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 25 

the suggested duties with alacrity and 
wholesome returns. What of the future 
and what of the foe, are the thoughts 
which remain to be reckoned with. 

As to the adversaries of the race, the 
habit of capitalizing them is too often in- 
dulged. It is to be feared that more time 
is lost in exercising concern over this bar- 
rier to our advancement than the royal 
end to be attained doth warrant. Why 
should one's foe be made so important as 
to become formidable and retard rather 
than aid in the onward march of the 
struggle upward ? 

SUGGESTIONS OF HISTORY. 

Moses and Pharaoh should serve as 
perpetual studies to all race leaders of 
doubtful courage and waning faith. One 
had but a pitiable rod, the other was 
armed with a monarch's sceptre. But in 
the eye of God's chosen one the sceptre 
was no more than a fragile stick, while 
the shepherd's rod objectified a wonder- 
working wand. So was David's sling in 



26 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

contrast with Goliath's spear, and Gid- 
eon's pitchers with armies of the Am- 
alekites. The fearful spies were unfit to 
conduct the march to Canaan for they 
feared the sons of Anak. God's present 
day leaders are not to be trusted with a 
following- if they can not muster courage 
to urge their people to go forward in spite 
of wicked men and bristling demons. 

But what of the end and will it be 
morning or noonday? are questions which 
will not down at reason's fiat or retre in 
silence at the decree of faith. We want 
to know will the Negro race ultimately 
survive and gain ascendancy. His is the 
only race that has looked the daring, dom- 
inant brother of ashen hue in the face and 
lived. The Red man contested strength 
with him and soon read his doom in the 
setting" sun. The Yellow man reared 
towering walls of civilization that mocked 
his dreams for countless centuries, but 
those Chinese walls have bowed to the 
white man's masterly tread and to-day he 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 27 

is virtually monarch of the Flowery 
Realm. The Brown man has turned from 
the gauntlet thrown down and contents 
himself with what he is allowed to have, 
ever suing for peace in the reminder to 
Japhet, "We are brethren." 

REASSURING REFLECTIONS. 

How comes it, and with what assump- 
tion does the black man. the youngest 
child of the human family, dare aspire to 
a place by his imperious white brother 
and former master? Intolerable gall they 
say that black necks once under the heels 
of white mastery should seek the orna- 
mentation of official trusts and govern- 
mental authority. Alas that the claims of 
humanity and the teachings of history 
should be forgotten or ignored. The 
black man (represented by the aspiring 
type) has never reached the ignoble depth 
in which the ancestral white man reveled 
for ages. It was never said of him, at 
least as was said of the white man of the 
past, that he is too inferior to measure up 



28 Lux Gentis Nigrae 

to the dignity of slavery. Suppose that 
great Caesar's reproach of the white man 
had been accepted as a standard by him 
or his descendants. The most resplend- 
ent eras of the world's history would 
than have been substituted by eons of bar- 
barism or the gray dawn of centuries of 
semi-enlightenment for the race. 

BASELESS CHARGES ANSWERED. 

The cheap talk of "Negro inferiority," 
"Negro place" and "white man's country" 
so current in certain parts of the land is 
veriest bosh and rot of the driest kind. 

Negro inferior ! Shades of Epictetus, 
the philosopher; Aesop, the moralist; 
Hannibal and L' Overture, the world's 
generals; Attucks, the patriot; Allen, re- 
ligious revolutionist and organizer ; 
Euclid and Banneker, mathematician and 
astronomer; Wheatley and Dunbar, race 
poets— all of whom were Negroes devoid 
of the taint of blood admixture with the 
much boasted superior white man. 

The Almighty Ruler gave the white 

1 3. 



Lux Gentis Nigrae 29 

man temporary sway, but never perpetual 
right of empire over the realms of mind 
and mother earth. Hence all talk of em- 
igration, separation or • deportation as 
solvents of the so-called race unharmony 
is the rankest sort of balderdash. The 
"white man's country" forsooth ! To his 
rapacious, omnivorous, ungodly grasp- 
ings that means a ruthless stampede 
across the divinely staked-off regions set 
apart for cycles to the dark or red or 
olive colored race-varieties. If he has 
gained the ascendancy by might he will re- 
tain it only by righteousness. The earth 
is the Lord's and the meek shall inherit it 
rather than proud and haughty nations. 

TIME AND TRUTH FINAL HEALERS. 

Old Father Time, aided by the sover- 
eign element of Almighty grace, has 
wrought wonders in the human family 
and will prove an irresistable leveller of 
barriers against this Negro branch, the 
youngest member. Let us recall the past 
and the accounts must even now be bal- 



Lux Gentis Nisrrae 



!->' 



anced mightily in our favor. Our achieve- 
ments have been marvellous and our 
status as decreed by God and fixed by the 
sovereign powers ordained by Him is ir- 
revocable and lofty. The surgings of the 
sea of human passion may threaten to 
engulf or strand the bark on which we 
journey, but all faithful reckonings by 
sun or chart or by stars or compass will 
show that our course is onward, for the 
ocean's Master, who mapped out our 
trackless voyage knows how to conduct 
the craft amid unseen rock and treacher- 
ous elements and bring us all in the end to 
the glorious port of victory. Ever and 
anon the sun may mantle His visage, but 
He shines on behind the clouds. "At 
evening there shall be light" is the sure 
word of prophecy and always fulfilled in 
the darkest hours of those who trust in 
Heaven's guidance. 



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